Egypt ek purani aur ameer tareen tareekh wali jagah hai, lekin jab baat aati hai paison ki, toh log aksar yeh jaan’na chahte hain ki wahan ka sabse zyada paisa kahan rakha jata hai. Kya yeh banks mein hota hai? Kya yeh government ke control mein hota hai? Ya phir yeh private businesses aur elite logon ke paas hota hai? Yeh sawaal bohot interesting hai, kyunki ek mulk ki economy sirf note छापने (chhapne) se nahi banti, balki uska paisa kis tarah manage kiya jata hai, yeh bhi zaroori hota hai.
Egypt ki economy mix hai—matlab yahan government ka bhi bohot bada role hai, lekin private sector bhi kaafi strong hai. Duniya bhar mein jaise bade bade investors aur businessmen apna paisa rakhnay ke liye banks aur financial institutions ka sahara lete hain, waise hi Egypt mein bhi kaafi paisa banks ke andar safe hota hai. Misr ke sabse bade aur important banks mein National Bank of Egypt (NBE), Banque Misr, aur Commercial International Bank (CIB) shamil hain. Yeh banks sirf aam logon ke paisay hi nahi sambhalte, balki government aur private companies ka paisa bhi inhi banks ke zariye manage hota hai.
Egypt ka central bank, yaani “Central Bank of Egypt” (CBE), mulk ki monetary policy ko control karta hai. Yeh bank yeh dekhta hai ki mulk mein kitna paisa circulate ho raha hai, inflation rate kaisa hai, aur foreign exchange reserves ka kya haal hai. Egypt ka foreign reserves bhi isi bank ke paas hota hai, jo mostly US dollars, gold, aur doosri foreign currencies ki form mein hota hai.
Lekin agar hum baat karein ki total paisa sirf banks mein hai ya nahi, toh iska jawab thoda complex hai. Egypt ka ek bohot bada hissa black economy ya informal economy mein bhi aata hai. Matlab, bohot saara paisa aise logon ke paas hota hai jo tax nahi dete, jo apni transactions banks ke through nahi karte, aur jo sirf cash pe rely karte hain. Aise businesses bhi bohot hain jo banks ka use nahi karte, balki cash transactions pe zyada bharosa karte hain. Yeh informal economy lagbhag Egypt ke GDP ka 30-40% tak ho sakti hai, jo ek bohot bada hissa hai.
Agar hum government ki baat karein, toh Egypt ka budget aur revenue mostly taxes, tourism, Suez Canal ki earnings, aur natural gas exports par depend karta hai. Egypt ka Suez Canal duniya ke sabse important trade routes mein se ek hai, aur har saal billions of dollars generate karta hai. Yeh paisa aksar government ke financial institutions, treasury, aur foreign reserves mein chala jata hai.
Private businesses bhi ek bohot bada factor hain. Egypt ke kuch sabse ameer aadmi jaise Nassef Sawiris aur Naguib Sawiris industries, construction, aur telecom sectors mein kaafi paisa invest karte hain. Yeh log sirf Egypt mein nahi, balki poori duniya mein apni investments rakhte hain. Inka paisa sirf Egypt ke banks mein nahi, balki Switzerland, UAE, aur London ke banks mein bhi hota hai.
Real estate sector bhi ek bohot bada paisa rakhne ka zariya hai. Cairo, Alexandria, aur Giza jaise bade cities mein bohot saari expensive properties hain jo investors ne kharid rakhi hain. Egypt ke rich log aksar apna paisa property aur land mein invest karte hain, taake unko long-term gains mil sakein. Yeh paisa officially banks ke record mein nahi hota, lekin mulk ki economy ka ek bohot bada part ismein chhupa hota hai.
Gold aur foreign currencies bhi Egypt ke ameer logon ke paas ek major asset ke taur par rakhi jati hain. Egypt mein aksar log apne paisay ko gold aur US dollars mein convert kar lete hain, taake unko inflation ya economic instability ka impact na ho. Yeh trend sirf Egypt mein nahi, balki poore Middle East mein common hai.
Agar hum dekhain, toh Egypt ka paisa mukhtalif jagahon par hai—banks, government reserves, private businesses, real estate, aur informal economy. Government apni monetary policies ke zariye economy ko stable rakhne ki koshish karti hai, lekin informal economy aur black money ko track karna thoda mushkil hota hai. Phir bhi, mulk ki economy tourism aur Suez Canal jaisi major revenue sources par tikki hoti hai, jisse government apni financial stability ko maintain karti hai.
Lekin ek aur important cheez yeh hai ki Egypt ke bohot saare log abhi bhi traditional banking system se door hain. Bohot saare rural aur lower-income families banks mein apna paisa nahi rakhti, balki ghar mein ya local money lenders ke paas rakhti hain. Yeh informal financial system ek bohot bada challenge hai jo government ke liye ek bada concern bana rehta hai.
Agar hum overall dekhein toh Egypt ke paisay ka sabse bada hissa banks, government reserves, aur private assets mein hota hai, lekin informal economy bhi ek bada role play karti hai. Jo log bohot zyada ameer hain, unka paisa sirf Egypt mein nahi, balki foreign investments aur banks mein bhi hota hai. Mulk ki economy kaafi diverse hai, jisme har tarah ka paisa alag alag jagah distribute hota hai.
Yeh samajhna zaroori hai ki ek mulk ka paisa sirf ek jagah nahi hota, balki alag alag channels ke zariye distribute hota hai. Egypt ka financial system complex hai, lekin agar aap yeh samajh lein ki government, private sector, aur aam logon ka paisa kis tarah circulate hota hai, toh aapko is mulk ki economic structure ka ek clear idea mil sakta hai.